Medically Reviewed By Experts Panel
A low sperm count means that the number of sperm cells in a man’s semen is lower than normal. This condition can make it harder for a couple to conceive a baby naturally because there are fewer sperms available to reach and fertilize an egg. Although it lowers the chances of pregnancy, it doesn’t mean that having children is impossible.
What is less than normal sperm count?
A man is considered to have low sperm count if he has fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or fewer than 39 million sperm in the total sample. This condition, known as oligospermia, can impact fertility and make it more challenging to conceive. Low sperm count can be influenced by various factors, including health conditions and lifestyle choices.
What are the symptoms for low sperm count?
Low sperm count often has no obvious symptoms, but some men may experience issues like difficulty conceiving a child, decreased sex drive, or problems sustaining erection. Other signs could include:
- Pain, swelling, or lump in the testicle area
- Hormonal imbalances (eg. reduced facial or body hair)
- Persistent testicular discomfort
- Low energy or fatigue related to hormonal issues
- Infrequent or abnormal semen discharge during ejaculation
- Pain during or after sex
What tests are done to determine low sperm count?
To determine low sperm count, a semen analysis is usually conducted, where a semen sample is examined under a microscope to evaluate sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Morphology refers to the size, shape, and structure of sperm. Abnormal sperm morphology, such as irregular heads, tails, or midsections, can affect fertility. If needed, additional tests like hormone level checks or genetic screenings may be performed to identify other potential issues.
What are the reasons for low sperm count?
Low sperm count can occur due to various reasons:
- Undescended Testicle -Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.
- Hormonal Influences – Hormones drive the production of the sperm, sometimes the hormonal signals between the brain, pituitary and testicles can stall or cease.
- Obesity – Being overweight, can affect fertility in various ways.
- Infections – Certain infections can interfere with sperm production.
- Medications – Certain medications can impair sperm production.
- Varicocles – Swollen veins in the testicles can hamper sperm creation
- Lifestyle – Excessive alcohol use, smoking and drug abuse can lower the quality and quantity of your sperm
Doctor’s Voice
How common is male infertility in India?
- According to a study by the Indian Council of Medical Research, the prevalence of male infertility in India is around 10-15%. This means that out of every 100 couples trying to conceive, 10-15 of them will be facing difficulties due to male infertility. The main causes of male infertility are low sperm count, poor sperm quality, and blockages in the reproductive tract.
- According to the World Health Organization multicenter study, 45% of infertile men were found to have either oligozoospermia (low sperm count) or azoospermia (no sperm in the semen). A study from a tertiary care hospital in India reported 58% azoospermia and 24% oligozoospermia in infertile men.
How to increase/improve your sperm count?
Increasing sperm count can be achieved through various lifestyle changes and health improvements. Here are some effective approaches:
- Diet: Consume a nutrient-rich, balanced diet that includes foods high in antioxidants and essential vitamins such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc. Superfoods like almonds, pumpkin seeds, and spinach can promote sperm health. Incorporate whole grains, fruits like oranges and guavas, and vegetables like carrots and broccoli to improve overall fertility.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining hormonal balance and general health. Yoga, brisk walking, or swimming are excellent options. They can help reduce stress and improve blood circulation.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity can negatively impact sperm production. Reducing the intake of processed foods and refined sugars will help manage weight.
- Avoid heat exposure: Avoid prolonged heat exposure to the testicles from activities like hot tubs, saunas, or long hours of cycling.
- Tight clothing: Wearing tight clothing can increase scrotal temperature, which can reduce sperm production and quality. Opt for loose, cotton boxers instead of tight briefs for better ventilation.
- Avoid smoking, alcohol, and drugs: These substances can lower sperm count.
- Manage stress: Chronic stress can lead to hormonal imbalances and reduced sperm production. Incorporate mindfulness practices like meditation or other stress-relief techniques to manage stress levels.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep sperm healthy.
- Consider supplements: Some men may benefit from supplements like folic acid, zinc, but it’s important to consult a doctor before starting any supplement.
- Get enough sleep: Aim for at least 7 hours of quality sleep each night. Making time for rest is essential for hormone regulation and sperm production.
What are the modern medical treatments for low sperm count?
Modern medical treatments for low sperm count include a variety of approaches based on the underlying cause.
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI): Sperm is directly placed in the uterus.
- In-vitro fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized outside the body and implanted.
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): A single sperm cell is injected into each mature egg before placement in the uterus.
Donor sperm: If the sperm count is very low, sperm from a donor can be used.
Read More
Pregnancy complications from marrying relatives
How To Calculate When You Conceived
Increased Sense of Smell
Pregnancy Abdominal Pain
9 Tips to Improve Chances of Pregnancy
