Lifestyle Concerns & Delivery Complications

Obesity is detrimental to health both before and after pregnancy, increasing the risk of serious complications. Research indicates that complications related to overweight and obesity affect up to two-thirds of pregnancies. Prior to pregnancy, obesity can affect fertility, making conception more difficult and increasing the likelihood of miscarriage. During pregnancy, it raises the chances of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery and other health issues for both the mother and the baby. Maintaining a healthy weight before and during pregnancy is important for reducing these risks.

What is the definition of obesity during pregnancy?

In the Indian context, obesity is typically defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 or higher. A BMI between 23 and 24.9 is considered overweight, while 25 or above is classified as obese, based on guidelines from the World Health Organization and Indian health authorities. For a person weighing 75 kg with a height of 1.7 meters, the BMI is approximately 25.95. Therefore, this individual would be classified as obese according to these standards.

Obesity during pregnancy is typically determined by a woman’s Body Mass Index (BMI) before conception. A BMI of 30 or greater is classified as obesity.

How much weight should I gain during pregnancy?

According to WHO standards, weight gain during pregnancy is recommended as follows:

• First Trimester: 1 to 2 kg.
• Second Trimester: 4 to 6 kg.
• Third Trimester: 4 to 6 kg.

Total recommended weight gain for normal-weight women is 11.5 to 16 kg throughout pregnancy.

How much weight should overweight women gain during pregnancy?

Overweight women (with a pre-pregnancy BMI between 25 and 29.9) should aim to gain 7-11 kgs during pregnancy. This weight gain supports the baby’s growth while minimizing health risks like gestational diabetes or high blood pressure. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular low-impact exercise can help achieve this balanced weight gain.

Doctor’s Voice 

“The ideal weight gain during pregnancy is individualized and depends on the woman’s pre-pregnancy weight. Generally, an increase of around 11-16 kg is considered normal. However, if there is excessive weight gain, it’s important to monitor for signs of potential complications, such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. These warning signs should be closely observed to ensure both the mother and baby remain healthy.

Dr Bela Shah – MS OBGY, Indore.

What is the relationship between obesity and gestational diabetes?

Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes, a condition where high blood sugar levels occur during pregnancy. Excess body fat can lead to insulin resistance, making it harder for the body to regulate blood sugar, which can affect both maternal and fetal health.

How will being overweight affect me during pregnancy?

Being overweight during pregnancy can impact you in several ways:

• Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes: Higher likelihood of developing diabetes during pregnancy.
• Hypertension: Greater chances of high blood pressure, which can lead to preeclampsia.
• Delivery Complications: Increased risk of cesarean delivery and prolonged labor.
• Fetal Growth Issues: Leading to larger babies and delivery challenges.
• Postpartum Complications: Higher risk of infection and recovery issues after childbirth.
• Emotional Well-being: Possible effects on mental health, including increased anxiety or depression during and after pregnancy.
• Future Health Risks: Increased likelihood of obesity and related health issues for both mother and child.

How does obesity affect labor and delivery outcomes?

Obesity can affect labor and delivery by increasing the risk of complications such as prolonged labor, the need for induced labor, and cesarean delivery. It also raises the likelihood of postpartum hemorrhage and infections, and may lead to challenges with anesthesia during delivery.

How could obesity affect my unborn baby?

Obesity during pregnancy can affect an unborn baby in several ways:

• Increased Risk of Birth Defects: Higher likelihood of neural tube defects and heart problems.
• Gestational Diabetes: Greater chance of the baby developing diabetes later in life.
• Abnormally high weight: This can complicate delivery.
• Preterm Birth: Higher chances of premature birth.
• Stillbirth: Increased risk of stillbirth.
• Childhood Obesity: Higher likelihood of obesity in childhood and adulthood.
• Respiratory Issues: Potential for respiratory problems at birth.
• Neurodevelopmental Issues: Possible effects on brain development and cognitive function

10 Tips to help control weight during pregnancy

1. Balanced Diet: Focus on a balanced diet that includes whole grains, legumes, fresh fruits, and vegetables.
2. Portion Control: Serve smaller portions to avoid overeating, especially with high-calorie foods like sweets and fried items.
3. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water and herbal teas to stay hydrated and help control hunger.
4. Limit Processed Foods: Reduce intake of processed and packaged foods that are high in sugar and unhealthy fats.
5. Healthy Snacks: Choose healthy snacks like nuts, yogurt, or fruit instead of chips or sugary treats.
6. Regular Exercise: Engage in safe, moderate exercise like walking, prenatal yoga, or low-impact aerobics as recommended by your doctor.
7. Mindful Eating: Pay attention to hunger cues and eat slowly to avoid overeating.
8. Frequent Meals: Opt for smaller, more frequent meals to maintain energy levels without excessive weight gain.
9. Avoid Late-Night Eating: Limit eating late at night to prevent unnecessary calorie intake.
10. Consult a Dietician: Seek guidance from a nutritionist for personalized advice on managing weight during pregnancy.

7 specific exercises recommended for overweight pregnant women

Here are specific exercises recommended for overweight pregnant women:

1. Walking: A simple and effective way to maintain fitness, especially in parks or safe neighbourhoods.
2. Prenatal Yoga: Focus on classes that incorporate gentle stretching and breathing techniques, emphasizing relaxation and flexibility.
3. Swimming: Ideal for reducing joint strain
4. Low-Impact Aerobics: Participate in community classes designed for pregnant women to enhance cardiovascular fitness.
5. Strength Training: Use body weight or light weights to strengthen muscles, focusing on safe movements.
6. Pelvic Floor Exercises: Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles, aiding childbirth and recovery.
7. Traditional Dance: Engage in gentle dance movements at a moderate pace for fun and fitness.